NDM News: Citizen journalism

• examples

1. Terrorist attacks in France
2. London riots
3. Baltimore riots

• theory (audience reception etc)

This could be linked to the uses and gratifications theory by Blumler and Katz. this is because news and citizen journalism can be used as a method of surveillance in the media.

• benefits to institutions 

1. This makes their news articles more credible if they didn't have coverage but it was submitted online
2. it saves the institutions some money 
3. they wouldn't need to hire as many staff

• benefits to audience 

This gives the audience a more real and authentic coverage of the particular news story or event which makes it more meaningful.

• wider issues and debates 

1. The UGC could be hoaxed as it could be very unreliable
2. News institutions may not be showing the full video

1) What is meant by the term ‘citizen journalist’?

This term is basically means that the general public are the generators and the creators of news and new and digital media has allowed this to happen.  


2) What was one of the first examples of news being generated by ‘ordinary people’?
One of the first examples of this could have been with the 9/11 attacks as a lot of the footage recorded was shot by regular civilians, also, it could have been the 1991 video recording of Rodney King getting attacked by police which later led on to causing the LA riots.

3) List some of the formats for participation that are now offered by news organisations.

There have been several ways in which news formats can involve audiences. such as user generated content or comments about a particular article or story.

 What is one of the main differences between professionally shot footage and that taken first-hand (UGC)?
The main barrier between professional footage and first hand footage is the quality of the image, this is one of the most important factors for news audiences. 
5) What is a gatekeeper?
A gatekeeper is the process when the information received by the news is filtered for dissemination for publication, broadcasting or the internet.
6) How has the role of a gatekeeper changed?
This role has become less relevant because of the power of the internet and how there is less restrictions set on things.In addition, The internet provides audiences with a whole new wider variety of news. Therefore, audiences can access what they want rather than being fed
7) What is one of the primary concerns held by journalists over the rise of UGC?
Their primary concerns are that their will be less regulations on what can be posted and it would lead to the institution they work for going out of business which will resullt in the journalist job role becoming extinct

New and digital media news articles.

How live video on Periscope helped 'get inside' the Syrian refugees story

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/sep/13/periscope-app-syrian-refugees-bild

This is a story about a journalist who travelled across Europe with the Syrian refugees and used the new twitter developed app called "Periscope" which is basically a app which allows you to live stream directly from your phone. He utilised this app to share what was going on with the refugees with the world. 

• Bild reporter Paul Ronzheimer travelled across Europe live-streaming interviews: ‘For the refugee story, the personalisation is very important’
• one journalist for German newspaper Bild has found a way to use his smartphone to help those people tell their stories direct to readers. Or rather viewers.
• “At the beginning I had about 1,500 followers, but now I have around 33,000. It became really big: one of the videos was played and replayed more than 90,000 times,” says Ronzheimer.

In my opinion i think this is a very interesting story because it shows us how powerful new and digital media can be in terms of sharing news and the fact that one guy can show almost 100,000 what the Syrian refugees are going through just from his smartphone. which makes the story feel more real. 

Twitter’s TV strategy: timelines, Periscope and troll-taming talent

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/oct/12/twitters-tv-strategy-timelines-periscope-and-troll-taming-talent

• Users of the social networking service are watching 370 years of video a day, while talkshow hosts seem to be getting the bug for live-tweeting
• “It was this sense of where TV used to be seen as a wave where you just sit and it crashes over you for an hour and you’re consumed, now there’s a sense that it’s actually made up of particles, like light.
• “And each one of these particles can become a bigger moment on Twitter, on social, because everybody will gather around that, and it will be talked about and referenced again and again.”

This article is basically talking about how social media apps such as twitter and periscope has had a huge impact on the TV industry. In addition, it goes on to compare the amount of videos people consumed online im comparison to the amount of tv consumed

New And Digital Media News Stories

BBC sees danger of losing young viewers distracted by devices

• The BBC is worrying less about competition from over-the-top (OTT) streaming-video service like Netflix, and more about the danger of losing the attention of young viewers distracted by their devices, according to director of audiences, Nick North.
• “But social will grow and become the primary activity: the kid sitting there with the TV on, but they’re on their [mobile] screen. So it’s where the attention lies from screen to screen.”
• “When we look at our iPlayer stats, we see the biggest growth being iPlayer through TVs – watched through the TV screen … that is where the growth lies for video, on the big screen,” said North.

This article talks about the dangers that the BBC could potentially be facing because of new devices that young people are using such as smart phones and tablets. They also believe it could be the biggest threat to TV after Netflix. I

What impact will adblockers have on the #media industry?

• Ad blockers are wreaking havoc with the online revenue of newspapers, yet some groups continue to throw money around to acquire online rivals. What happens when boom turns to bust?
• More than that, Facebook and the social mob are becoming a news hub of their own for hundreds of millions of (often young) users – potentially eclipsing the value of discrete news websites. One damned thing as well as another.

This is an article discussing the impact that adblockers will have on the industry.

Build The Wall analysis

Summarise each section in one sentence:

• Section 1 (To all of the bystanders reading this…)

"I know that content wants to be free on the Internet. I know that the horse was long ago shown the barn door and that, belatedly, the idea of creating a new revenue stream from online subscriptions seems daunting and dangerous."

• Section 2 (Truth is, a halting movement toward...)

"Will it work? Is there enough demand for old-line, high-end journalism in the age of new media? Will readers pay for what they have already accepted as free? And can industry leaders claw their way back in time to the fateful point when they mistook the Internet as a mere advertising opportunity for their product?"

• Section 4 (For the industry, it is later than it should be…)

"The Times and The Post survive, their revenue streams balanced by still-considerable print advertising, the bump in the price of home delivery and news-stand sales, and, finally, a new influx of cheap yet profitable online subscriptions."

Summarise David Simon’s overall argument in 250 words.

David simon's overall argument was basically the belief he had about how news shouldn't be a free service and its should be paid for by the general public, the reason he made this statement is because he has acknowledged the fact that the news and journalism industry is starting to face a major decline in the industry which means that these major companies need to act fast to prevent their businesses from falling. The means that if all these companies are all offering a free service, eventually the companies are just going to collapse mainly due to the new and digital media effect. Also, David Simon said he is a fan of online subscriptions so therefore he believe that all news should be paid for regardless of the provider. If this doesn't happen it will also lead to a large number of jobs being cut for journalist and editors which will have a major impact on the economy.So if companies want to prevent this from happening, they should most definitely ensure that they start charging a weekly or monthly subscription fee to ensure that they are making enough revenue and profits.Also, he believes that this should have happened when the internet was first introduced so that the general public could have adapted to this particular scheme at first. 

Read this response to the article by Dave Levy, criticising and disagreeing with David Simon's viewpoint. What references to new and digital media can you find in Levy's response?


"We’ll start with the context. Simon argued that it will require the simultaneous (read: questionably bartered slash colluded slash anti-trust) movement of the two remaining juggernauts of print media to build a successful, pay-per-read online news model. He’s right in one way: there’s no doubt that the content within these sites is at the top of the most linked to on blogs and Twitter; therefore, it’s among the gateways of online news. If anyone can lead, it’s probably them."

Finally, what is your own opinion? Do you agree that newspapers need to put online content behind a paywall in order for the journalism industry to survive? Would you be willing to pay for news online? Critical autonomy is the key skill in A2 Media - you need to be able form opinions on these issues.
In my opinion,i don't agree with newspapers needing to put online content behind a paywall, this is because of the new and digital media impact, news can be accessed from anywhere across the world within a matter of seconds, so therefore even if it goes behind a paywall you may still be able to read about the same story on another site or on social media. However, the journalism industry is going to carry on going downhill because of new and digital media so therefore its understandable why they want to create a paywall as these well known companies won't generating any revenue if they dont create a paywall.
personally, i wouldn't even consider having to pay for news online as it is something that should be a free public service to the audiences. This is mainly because i believe that the general public should always be kept up to date with what's going on with the society and government for free. 

Newspapers: The effect of online technology

1) Do you agree with James Murdoch that the BBC should not be allowed to provide free news online? Why?

I do not agree with James Murdoch on this statement simply because the public have become so used to free news in the last decade and beyond with Freesheets and Radio news. So therefore if the BBC start to charge for news i think it will cause a huge outbreak among viewers who believe they should get news for free. 

2) Read this blog on the Times paywall three years on.
3) Was Rupert Murdoch right to put his news content (The Times, The Sun) behind a paywall?

I think he was right for doing this because it would allow him to have created a new profit stream which is an advantage for him. However, statistics did show that people are a lot less willing to pay for news because they prefer it to be free. In addition, The Times titles added 13,000 new subscribers in the first half of 2013, which is a low amount for the a company as big as the times. 

4) Choose two comments from below the Times paywall article - one that argues in favour of the paywall and one that argues against. Copy a quote from each and explain which YOU agree with and why.

"It is so ridiculous if these mainstream newspapers believe that they can "force readership of fee-based news. One can get the same "news" for free almost anywhere on the internet. I'd take a hint from the alternative free weeklies that survive just off their local advertising. I don't think anyone would read them otherwise. These papers are full of paid advertising. The fee model will never work."  

i agree with this statement because he is emphasising the fact that news can be found anywhere online for free almost instantly,

5) Read this article from the Media Briefing on the continuing decline of the newspaper industry. 

6) Why do you think the Evening Standard has bucked the trend and increased circulation and profit in the last two years?

I think this is because they are a free news provider also the quality and reliability of their news has managed to maintain a consistency over time, this is one of the most important thing that audiences look for in this day and age because of how many fake stories that are available online.

7) Is there any hope for the newspaper industry or will it eventually die out? Provide a detailed response to this question explaining and justifying your opinion.

i believe that the newspaper industry will eventually die out  mainly because of advertising problems. Craigslist was often blamed by critics to be removing billions of dollars in classified advertising from the newspaper industry which is basically having an impact on the key revenue pillars for newspaper companies. In addition, Critics  had worked out the amount of advertising money that has disappeared from the industry and it had worked out to be over $40 Billion and around 60% of the advertising revenue. They believe that $60 billion is the amount that traditional print advertising would've been worth by now. 

NDM News case study: Audience and Institution

1) Key Points

• With 75% of UK adults saying they use TV as a source of news; this figure has seen a small decrease since 2013 (78%). 
• There has been growth in the number of those who use any internet or apps for news, with over four in ten (41%) 
• doing so this year, compared to just under a third last year (32%). This is particularly evident in the 16-34 age group, 
• where use of internet or apps for news has increased from 44% in 2013 to 60% in 2014. 
• Since 2013 there has been an increase in the number of people stating a website/app as their most important news source (21% in 2014 vs. 14% in 2013). Almost half (45%) of 16-24s say their most important news source is a website/app, up 15 percentage points since 2013 (30%).

2) Come up with an example of an institution that has benefited from the changes new and digital media has brought to the news industry. Explain how new technology has helped the institution and try to find statistics or financial figures that support your point.

"Where use of internet or apps for news has increased from 44% in 2013 to 60% in 2014." This statistic shows us how the Internet/apps for news have benefited from new and digital media. As technology is developing more and more over time, different institutions are constantly producing new methods of news distribution. A great example of this would be Daily Mail who are were recently a newspaper industry only, as new and digital media started to expand and people were using the internet more, Daily Mail took advantage of the changes and launched Mail Online which is now one of the most used online news source in the UK. This benefits the industry in two ways, Firstly, It creates a new income stream for the company and secondly, it allows the company to maintain their amount of audience share.

3. Find an example of an institution that has suffered as a result of the changes new and digital media has brought to the news industry. In what way has it had a negative impact? Again, try and find actual statistics or financial figures to explain your point.

"Google has led the decline of the newspaper industry mainly because of advertising problems. Craigslist was often blamed by critics to be removing billions of dollars in classified advertising from the newspaper industry which is basically having an impact on the key revenue pillars for newspaper companies. In addition, Critics of Google had worked out the amount of advertising money that has disappeared from the industry and it had worked out to be over $40 Billion and around 60% of the advertising revenue. They believe that $60 billion is the amount that traditional print advertising would've been worth by now. "

4) Who has benefited most from the changes new and digital media have had on the news industry - audiences or institutions?

I think that the institutions have benefited the most from new and digital media, this is because it has allowed them to create a new stream of revenue through click on their pages and advertising. However, audiences have also benefited because they can now access news on a much easier level.

New and Digital media news articles

Mark Zuckerberg calls for universal internet access to combat poverty

• Facebook founder launches connectivity campaign to bring the internet to the some 4 billion people who now do not have access
• The connectivity campaign calls on governments, businesses and innovators to bring the internet to the some 4 billion people who now do not have access,
• Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and a host of celebrities kicked off a campaign on Saturday to make internet access universal, saying this was critical to fulfilling the United Nations' newly adopted agenda to combat global ills.

This article is about Mark Zuckerberg (The founder of Facebook) and how he is trying to make the internet global so that everyone in the world has access to it. I personally think that this is a really interesting story because as new and digital media is getting bigger and bigger over time its only right to make the internet accessible to all.

UK mobile ad spend 'to overtake print and TV'

• eMarketer report forecasts British mobile ad spend will increase by 45% this year to £3.26bn and rise by another 35% next year to £4.4bn
• Mobile ad spend will see a further surge of 35% next year, to £4.4bn, which will see it nudge ahead of traditional TV advertising which will account for £4.26bn of spend.
• By the end of next year eMarketer estimates that mobile advertising will account for half of the £8.94bn that will be spent on digital marketing in the UK..